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80186 Microprocessors: Introduction and Architecture

Hello friends, today we are going to discuss the 80186 microprocessor with integrated peripherals. The Intel 80186 is an improved version of the 8086 microprocessor. 80186 is a 16-bit microprocessor with a 16-bit data bus and a 20-bit address bus. It has a programmable peripheral device integrated into the same package. The instruction set of the 80186 is a superset of the instruction set of the 8086. The term super-set means that all of the 8086 instructions will execute properly on an 80186, but the 80186 has a few additional instructions. The following figure shows the block diagram and pin diagram of 80186. The CPU is divided into seven independent functional parts. 80186 internal block diagram  80186 68-pins pin diagram  Functional parts of 80186 Microprocessor The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) Execution Unit (EU) Clock Generator Programmable interrupt controller Programmable Chip Select Unit (CSU) Programmable DMA Unit Programmable counter/timers The Bus Interface Unit

Binary Number System

Binary Number System: A binary or base 2 number systems having 2 symbols 0 and 1s.

The number system is as like 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000 etc. By adding 1 to last number i.e. 1 + 1 = 10, again 10 is a combination of existing 0 and 1 digit only.

Each binary digit represents a power of 2. This digit is often called bits. This number system contains binary point, the digits to the right of the binary point represents fractions used for numbers less than one. The numbers and their positions are as follows.
                        1   0   1  1   0   .  1   1

            24 23 22  21  20    2-1 2-2
 
A 4- bit binary word is called nibble, and an 8-bit binary word is called byte. A 16-bit binary word is often referred to just as a word and a 32- bit binary word is called as a doubleword. The right most bit of a binary word is usually referred to as the LSB Least significant bit. The left most bit of a binary word is usually referred to as the MSB Most significant bit.


For conversion you can see the Conversion from Decimal to Binary post and Binary to Decimal.

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