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80186 Microprocessors: Introduction and Architecture

Hello friends, today we are going to discuss the 80186 microprocessor with integrated peripherals. The Intel 80186 is an improved version of the 8086 microprocessor. 80186 is a 16-bit microprocessor with a 16-bit data bus and a 20-bit address bus. It has a programmable peripheral device integrated into the same package. The instruction set of the 80186 is a superset of the instruction set of the 8086. The term super-set means that all of the 8086 instructions will execute properly on an 80186, but the 80186 has a few additional instructions. The following figure shows the block diagram and pin diagram of 80186. The CPU is divided into seven independent functional parts. 80186 internal block diagram  80186 68-pins pin diagram  Functional parts of 80186 Microprocessor The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) Execution Unit (EU) Clock Generator Programmable interrupt controller Programmable Chip Select Unit (CSU) Programmable DMA Unit Programmable counter/timers The Bus Interface Unit
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Conversion from Decimal To Binary and decimal Fractiion to binary


Step by step procedure as follows.

1.      Divide the decimal number by 2
2.      Keep remainder and quotient aside.
3.      Again Divide this quotient by 2 and keep remainder and quotient aside.

4.      Repeat this procedure until the quotient reaches zero.
5.      The column of remainders will be the binary equivalent of the given decimal number.
6.      The MSB is on the bottom of the column.
7.      The LSB is on the top of the column.
Example: (227)10 = (?)2


Hence (227)10 = (11100011)2
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Decimal Fraction Conversion to Binary
1.      Multiply fraction part by 2 and keep aside carry.
2.      Again this procedure continues until the quantity to the right of the decimal point becomes zero.
3.      The carries represent the binary equivalent of the decimal number, with the most significant bit at the top of the column and least significant bit at the bottom of the column.
Example: (0.625)10 = (?)2
Hence (0.625)10 = (0.101)2
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